基于SIMPACK的大功率機車車輪踏面損傷預測

鄒強1,2，江波1,2，張華3，王延朋3，吳斯4

（1.馬鞍山鋼鐵股份有限公司 技術中心，安徽 馬鞍山 243000；2.軌道交通關鍵零部件先進制造技術國家地方聯合工程研究中心，安徽 馬鞍山 243000；3.牽引動力國家重點實驗室 摩擦學研究所，四川 成都 610031；4.中國鐵道科學研究院集團有限公司 金屬及化學研究所，北京 100081）

摘要：基于多體動力學SIMPACK軟件建立HXD2C大功率機車模型，分析實測輪軌廓形匹配下車輪通過R400曲線段和R600曲線段時車輪所受蠕滑力大小及方向，并將結果代入安定圖及損傷函數進行車輪踏面損傷預測。研究結果表明：機車通過R400曲線段時，車輪編號為3、5、9、11的內軌側車輪縱向蠕滑力方向與車輪滾動方向相反，且車輪材料均處于棘輪效應區，易產生與蠕滑力合力方向垂直的斜裂紋。其中編號為3和9的車輪疲勞損傷值大于磨耗值，隨著循環滾動的累積疲勞損傷會進一步加劇。同理，機車通過R600曲線段時，車輪編號為3、5、10、11、12的車輪踏面易產生與蠕滑力方向垂直的斜裂紋，其中以車輪5疲勞損傷最為嚴重。相較于R400曲線段，機車通過R600曲線段時外軌側車輪10和12接觸斑面積減小、磨耗減小、疲勞損傷值大于磨耗值是踏面存在輕微疲勞損傷的主要原因。

關鍵詞：車輪踏面；動力學仿真；安定圖；損傷預測

中圖分類號：U463.34 文獻標志碼：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.05.006

文章編號：1006-0316 (2022) 05-0033-08

Research on Damage Prediction of Wheel Tread of High Power Locomotive Based on SIMPACK

ZOU Qiang1,2，JIANG Bo1,2，ZHANG Hua3，WANG Yanpeng3，WU Si4

( 1.Technology Center, Ma’anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Ma’anshan 243000, China; 2.National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Pivotal Components of Rail Transit, Ma’anshan 243000, China; 3.Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Chengdu 610031, China; 4.Metals and Chemistry Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China )

Abstract：Based on the multi-body dynamics SIMPACK software, the HXD2C high-power locomotive model was established to analyze the magnitude and direction of the creep force on the wheels when the wheels passed through the R400 and the R600 curve lines with the measured wheel-rail profile matching, and the results were used to predict the wheel tread damage by using the shakedown map and damage function. The research results show that when the locomotive passes through the curve line of R400, the longitudinal creep force direction of the inner rail side wheels with the numbers of 3, 5, 9 and 11 is opposite to the rolling direction of the wheels, and the wheel materials are all in the ratcheting condition, so oblique cracks are tended to occur in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the combined creep force. Among them, the fatigue damage values of wheels numbered 3 and 9 are greater than the wear value, and the rolling contact fatigue damage will be further aggravated with the cumulative fatigue damage of cyclic rolling. Similarly, when the locomotive passes through the curve lines of R600, the tread of wheels numbered 3, 5, 10, 11 and 12 is prone to produce oblique cracks perpendicular to the direction of creep force, among which the fatigue damage of wheel 5 is the most serious. Compared with the curve line of R400, when the locomotive passes through the curve line of R600, the contact spot area and wear of the outer rail side wheel 10 and 12 decreases, and the fatigue damage value is greater than the wear value, which is the main reason for the slight fatigue damage of the tread.

Key words：wheel tread；dynamics simulation；shakedown map；damage prediction

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收稿日期：2021-07-08

基金項目：安徽省科技重大專項計劃（201903a0520052）；中國鐵路總公司科技研究開發計劃課題（J2019J004）

作者簡介：鄒強（1982－），男，安徽蕪湖人，碩士，高級工程師，主要研究方向為軌道交通用車輪產品，E-mail：642396829@qq.com。